UNIT OVERVIEW

Fertilisers are chemicals that help plants grow. They have changed how the world produces food. This unit explains how the chemical industry makes fertilisers and why they matter for agriculture.

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

• Explain how fertilisers are made industrially and why they are important
• Describe the Haber process for making ammonia, including conditions and equilibrium
• Explain the Ostwald process for converting ammonia to nitric acid
• Describe the Contact process for producing sulphuric acid
• Understand NPK fertilisers — what they contain and how they work
• Analyse eutrophication and the environmental impact of fertiliser use
• Apply your knowledge of chemical equilibrium to industrial processes
• Calculate fertiliser compositions and nutrient content

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