UNIT OVERVIEW

This unit covers Counting and Probability — skills you use more often than you might realise. When you decide whether to carry an umbrella or estimate your chances of passing a test, you are thinking about probability.

You will build on probability concepts from earlier grades and learn systematic ways to count outcomes. You will also learn to solve complex probability problems using diagrams, tables, and formulas.

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

• Distinguish between dependent and independent events and calculate their probabilities
• Apply the product rule and addition rule correctly
• Use the complementary rule to simplify calculations
• Construct and interpret Venn diagrams, tree diagrams, and two-way contingency tables
• Apply the fundamental counting principle to determine possible outcomes
• Solve probability problems involving permutations and combinations
• Calculate probabilities in real-world scenarios with multiple events

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