UNIT OVERVIEW

Every day, you make decisions based on how likely you think something will happen. You check if it might rain before leaving home. You wonder about your chances in a lucky draw. Insurance companies calculate different prices for different drivers. Probability gives us the mathematical tools to measure and work with uncertainty.

In Grade 10, you explored the foundations of probability: outcomes, sample spaces, and basic probability calculations. Now you will deepen that understanding and add powerful new tools. You will learn to tell the difference between events that affect each other and events that do not. You will use diagrams to visualise complex probability scenarios and apply rules to calculate probabilities in multi-stage experiments.

In this unit, you will learn to:

• Apply the addition rule for mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events
• Use the complementary rule to solve probability problems efficiently
• Distinguish between dependent and independent events
• Apply the product rule for independent events
• Construct and interpret Venn diagrams for up to three events
• Build and analyse tree diagrams for sequential events
• Solve real-world probability problems using multiple techniques

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